The amount of energy consumed by modern society is increasing day by day. Improving the energy efficiency of multi-apartment buildings (MCPs) is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The maximum impact of energy savings can be achieved through the joint efforts of the state, management companies and homeowners.
What is energy efficiency and energy saving
Current trends in energy conservation are driving innovation in energy conservation. No. 261, signed on November 23, 2009. According to federal law, energy efficiency is the ratio of the benefits derived from the use of resources to the costs required to obtain them.
Energy saving is a set of measures aimed at the efficient and economic use of energy resources. The main indicators of energy efficiency in multi-apartment residential buildings must comply with the requirements of the applicable laws in this area.
Energy efficiency legislation for residential buildings
Measures to improve the energy performance of buildings are governed by the following regulations:
- Ministry of Economic Development No. 61. Order of 17 February 2010 approving an Approach Action Plan to Improve Energy Efficiency
- Order No. 98 of the Ministry of Construction of 15 February 2017 approving the list of measures to promote energy saving and more efficient use of residential resources
These orders set out a list of steps to increase energy efficiency in a residential building, Regulation 98 sets out the principle of assigning energy efficiency classes to residential buildings. It determines the reasonableness of spending the resources needed to maintain the facility. Taken together, both documents make it possible to define a list of energy-saving measures, broken down by level of costs and type of resources.
Energy saving measures according to Order No. 98 of the Ministry of Construction
The energy saving program recommended by the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Public Utilities can be broken down according to the type of resources used.
The greatest impact should be achieved primarily through the results of the activities carried out. When all the priority requirements for energy efficiency in the house are met, the second phase of activities is carried out. Their implementation is also very important. The order of activities is determined for technical and financial reasons.
We recommend that the following measures be taken to improve the energy performance of buildings.
Heating and hot water supply system
First, the following activities are performed in the heating, hot and cold water supply system:
- Installing
- balancing valves
- balancing the heating system
- Flush heating pipes
- Installing meters to measure hot water and heat consumption in your home and every home
Second:
performed- custom heating point installation
- Install a heat exchanger
- Install a system designed to automatically control heating and hot water
- pipe replacement
- Change confirmation
- Thermal insulation of pipelines in basements and attics and common areas
- Installing heating thermostatic valves
- Install shut-off valves
- Installation and retrofitting of pumps to return water to hot water systems
Power supply and lighting system
First of all:
- Installing common house and apartment electricity meters
- Install energy-saving lamps in public areas
Second:
performed- darkening setting in automatic mode
- replacement of electric motors; install drivers for frequency control
Doors, windows, roof and walls
First of all:
- Closure, insulation and sealing of driveway doors
- installation of doors and dampers in the basement and attic; closing and locking windows in common areas
Second:
- installing heat-reflecting films on windows
- Install low-emission glass on the driveway
- Replacing old windows and doors with energy efficient ones
- floor and wall insulation in the basement and attic
- roof insulation
- Seal gaps between panels
- wall insulation
- Glazing of loggias and balconies
- Reduction of air conditioning and ventilation system losses due to the installation of air dampers
Create an energy saving program. Estimate costs and savings
The Energy Saving Program is a document based on the requirements of Article 25 of Federal Law No. 261, which describes the principles of energy saving and energy efficiency. The energy saving program includes the following steps:
- object data collection
- Express check of the building
- Energy audit to determine available energy savings opportunities and reserves
- Compile a list of activities to increase the power consumption class of MKD
- Determining the costs required to implement the plan
- Calculate estimated savings in natural and monetary terms
- Calculate the payback period of planned energy saving measures
- Select funding sources
- Selection of persons responsible for implementing energy saving measures
- Develop actions to implement planned activities
- Complete, register, and approve your energy conservation program
Program to improve energy efficiency goals at home:
- takes into account the unique characteristics of each MKD
- meets your unique energy saving needs
- sets out a concrete plan to achieve the required level of energy efficiency
- includes ways to reasonably reduce energy costs and increase energy efficiency
- takes into account available finances
- brings out the energy potential of the building
The main result of the implementation of the developed program is the reduction of costs and energy consumption. This allows savings to be channeled into higher priority areas of activity. The return on developed activities can be determined by a calculation:
- is a simple payback period
- Discounted Payback Period
- profitability ratio
- Internal Rate of Return
- net present value
- Life Cycle Cost Analysis
A thermal imaging survey allows you to assess a building’s energy efficiency class and determine how efficient a house’s heat and electricity consumption is. Such a survey is included in the energy audit complex. Based on the results obtained, the MKD energy certificate is issued.
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings by homeowners
Homeowners can also improve the energy efficiency of their buildings. This results in energy savings and therefore reduces the cost of utility bills. Recommended for
- insulate doors and window openings
- Install a second front door if the entrance is very cold
- Place heat shields behind the radiators
- Remove decorative grids from items, if any
- Do not cover the radiators with curtains
- Replace old radiators with new ones
- For glazing loggias and balconies
- save power
- Save water
The adoption of these measures will save 30-40% in energy costs, without any particular costs, without compromising the quality of life.
Who is the artist and where can you get the money
The management organization is responsible for maintaining the housing stock. Therefore, he is the executor of the work to improve the energy efficiency of MKD. The source of funding is the amount paid by the occupants of the house to maintain the dwellings. Some of the work can be done under a civil law contract.
The managing body has the right to contribute to the cost of the energy saving measures under the contractual agreement as an amount paid for the maintenance of the dwellings, having previously signed an agreement with the owners to carry out the work.
Recapitalization programs under the Housing and Public Utility Reform Promotion Fund (FRS) program without failure include measures to improve energy efficiency and energy efficiency in housing at the expense of the fund.
Cheap interventions in apartment buildings
A home in power-saving mode consumes much less resources. Energy-saving technologies can even be implemented through low-cost activities. To do this, follow
- Flush the heating system
- insulate the driveways
- Install door locks
- inspect the heating system
- Place heat shields behind the radiators
- Install heating controllers that allow you to control the coolant temperature depending on the room air temperature
Energy efficiency measures in high investment buildings
Technical and large-scale events are expensive, but they improve the energy efficiency of a building much better. These are:
- Installing high temperature windows
- Install new radiators
- Improve individual heating points
- Select energy-efficient boilers
- Automate the loading and operation of heating boilers
- Insulation of common areas
- Modern thermal insulation on pipelines
- Installing a variable speed drive in a water supply and drainage system
- Installing a variable frequency drive on pump systems
- Replace old electrical networks with new ones
Energy-efficient conversion can significantly reduce energy consumption. In addition, it is advisable to regularly monitor and analyze new modern technologies that increase energy efficiency and, where possible, to put them into practice. All of these measures will significantly save resources on housing maintenance.